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Learning from Model Train Layouts – Part 2

by on October 24, 2019
in Community Articles

(Written by Mark H. Avery)

In Learning From Model Train Layouts – Part 1, we discussed some basic tips and tricks LEGO train fans can learn from traditional model train layouts. And now that we covered the basics, let’s talk about some of the finishing touches. You’ve built or bought tables. You’ve laid your tracks and/or placed your roads. You’ve built all the LEGO Creator Modular Buildings (or all you could afford) and placed them on your layout. You’ve added a few additional houses and stores, maybe some from the LEGO Creator, LEGO City, or LEGO Friends lines. Is your layout complete? Not by a long shot. Here are some additional pointers LEGO builders might learn from model railroaders…

THE SMALL THINGS

  • Greenery. In the real world, there’s greenery all around us, so if we want to make our layout realistic, we should add some vegetation. There are precast LEGO trees and bushes we can use. And there are also trees, especially palm trees, that one could easily build themselves. Then there are the intricate trees experienced LEGO fans build that we can learn from. Vary the colors a little, or at least mix shades of green. Use the tan and brown bushes as well to add variety.
  • And then there are flowers. There is place for the old three-pronged flowers as well as the newer single pronged flowers.
  • Attach greenery to the sides of buildings to simulate growing ivy.
  • Consider mini-buildings: bus stop shelters, coffee stands, newspaper kiosks, etc. all give the feeling of a real life city.
  • Fire hydrants, streetlights, traffic lights, mailboxes, and garbage cans all have their place on the streets. People notice and appreciate little details like that when they look at your city. The new LEGO X-tra building packs can help with this. Road signs also have an important place. There are lots of signs that can easily be downloaded from the internet, printed out, and added to your city. There are some railroad modelers who even put trash (i.e. tiny pieces of paper) around their layout to make it look more lifelike.
  • Don’t feel the necessity to use authentic names for everything. Name stores, restaurants, and even streets after your kids, grandkids, and friends.
  • You’ll find humorous company names both in your travels and on the internet. Some ‘jokes’ have been around for years. “Dewey, Cheathim and Howe” is an old standard. So is the “Lowe Quality Manufacturing Company”. The 2019 MTH Rail King catalog includes buildings named “Jurassic Pork Bar-B-Que”, “Frying Nemo’s Fish & Chips”, “The Codfather Fish House”, “Dirty Hoe Garden Center”, and “Bada Bing Bail Bonds”, among others.
  • Google real signs or make your own on a computer. Sometimes a sign such as ‘Condo for rent’ is enough to add some interest.
  • Billboards along the road and on top of buildings are another idea.
  • The same model (or LEGO set) can be built in a different color than the original and can have its own place on the layout. There are real city blocks that have 5-10 identical houses. But each one is painted a different color or has different style (or color) windows and doors, or had a porch added, or has different trees or plants in the yard, or has a different type of fence, or… you get the idea.
  • There are always more details to add. And because we are dealing with LEGO, not a model railroad, it’s very easy to move things around on a regular basis.

PEOPLE, ANIMALS & VEHICLES

  • Some modelers claim that you can never have enough figures on a model railroad. I’m not convinced of that, but effective scenes depend on how you place the mini-figures. Have them interact with each other. Have two or three people talking, some carrying packages or briefcases, a person waiting for a bus, some walking into and out of buildings, a person pointing to a distant feature – all will draw viewers into your scenes.
  • LEGO motorcycles, bicycles, and even skateboards add some action. A row of 3-4 bicycles riding along the shoulder of a road or parked in a rack is interesting.
  • Figures can be whimsical as well. Take advantage of LEGO superheroes. A Superman and/or Batman on top of a LEGO building is fine – but ten of them probably aren’t.
  • Animals add another element to your layout. The obvious are cats and dogs. But there are also LEGO frogs and snakes. A farm or zoo gives lots of possibilities for adding LEGO animals. Put a shark or crocodile in your waterway! There are several types of LEGO birds – both precast and built from pieces. A bird (or owl) in a tree will catch a viewer’s attention.
  • Think of little mini scenes or vignettes. The obvious ones can often be enough. A fireman coaxing a cat down a tree, a man changing a tire, a policeman pulling over a car… (a topic for a separate article). Look at the recent LEGO City People Packs, which are built on mini-scenes; a man fishing, another painting a fence, another pushing a baby carriage. Most people don’t just stand there.
  • Delivery trucks stopped by some of the houses, a pickup truck at a loading dock, or a taxi waiting at a train station are other ideas.
  • Garbage trucks making pickups and sweeper trucks clearing streets fit into almost any town.
  • Workers filling in potholes offer many possibilities. A few fences, traffic cones, wheelbarrows, and a pile of dirt add to the scene. So does a policeman directing traffic.
  • A worker on a scaffold hanging from a tall building is always an eye catcher.
  • LEGO has made several travel trailers over the years. You can also modify them or build your own. A campsite near a body of water or in the park is a nice focal point. Add a couple of campfires and you have a scene.
  • Consider water scenes, very typical on model railroads. Beaches, docks, marinas have all been released by LEGO or you can make your own. Again, be sure to add people and various kinds of boats.

TRAIN LAYOUTS

  • Trains are certainly an important addition to a LEGO city. But I personally think most LEGO fans should either have few trains in their city, or a LEGO train layout with just a few buildings. Trying to have the best of both worlds seems much, if you don’t have sufficient space. One of the main criticisms I read of model train layouts is that to much is crowded into a given space. (I’m guilty of that.)
  • Standard advice is to pick a time period and location. The most popular timeframe for model trains is 1940-1960, the transition era when both diesel and steam trains operated. I’m not aware of any steam engine train sets currently being sold by LEGO. Alternatively, you can model the modern era and have your steam trains operate as a tourist attraction, like in the #71044 LEGO Disney Train and Station set.
  • Trains have their own requirements for street accessories. Crossing arms and crossing signals are obvious. There are both railroaders and LEGO train fans who have electrified both (the old 9-volt LEGO train system had such capabilities).
  • Trains should not be placed parallel to the edge of the layout.
  • Do you want a single track or two parallel tracks with trains going in opposite directions? The latter takes up much space for most of us.
  • Long passing tracks and sidings are important, but also space intensive.
  • Ballast for the tracks. Model railroaders traditionally glue down their ballast. The ballast on a main line is thicker, higher, and a different color than ballast on a siding.
  • Train signals on the side of and above tracks are important. So are various electrical cabinets that line some tracks. Additional spare tracks and railroad ties are stored along some tracks. The old gray individual LEGO tracks might serve that function well.
  • Trains often have various trackside buildings. Elevated grade crossings (crossing towers) might be trackside – even if long abandoned. So are small shacks for workers and equipment.
  • Different elevations of the base allow for construction of rail (or road) bridges and can allow for one track to pass over another. There are important limits on how steeply a train can climb.
  • There are train related buildings. Every few years, LEGO issues a new passenger train station. Freight equipment has been included in some recent train sets, but not as stand-alone sets.
  • Trains need servicing facilities. Some model railroaders have created layouts that are almost exclusively train yards. Diesel trains need a repair building and a place to refill. Steam engines need more: a water tower, coal bins, sand boxes, and a place to empty ashes from the engine. It can be very space intensive, but you should make an attempt for at least a small servicing yard.
  • Yard scenery might include old ties, small barrels, fences, an old car (perhaps without tires), and miscellaneous junk.
  • A cooling tower, for example, can have a gondola parked nearby, ‘coal’ scattered on the ground, and a minifigure with a shovel trying to clean up.
  • Most model railroads have staging yards, either in view or hidden. A large train yard is a good place to show off your LEGO train collection.

RUNNING TRAINS

  • Rule number one for running trains is to give your LEGO train a reason to exist. Pick up passengers and take them someplace (off the layout). The same with freight. Good model railroads have staging areas, sceniced or not.
  • Continuous running of trains in a loop is fine. One could just sit and admire as the trains pass through the city. Alternatively, trains can run “point-to-point” across the layout from one hidden yard to another.
  • Ideally, you should not be able to watch the train make a complete loop. That means the train disappears behind buildings or goes into a tunnel and comes out at the other end.
  • As previously mentioned, people waiting on train platforms, perhaps looking down the track for their train, and cars waiting at track crossings both add to the layout.
  • Individual train car length is connected to the size of a track radius. Given that LEGO tracks (except for the flex tracks) only come in one radius, we should stay away from train cars that are very long. The overhangs as trains round curves do not look very realistic.

TRAIN CARS

  • Flatcars and gondolas often look better when loaded. Pipes, triangular beams, motors, large gears, or industrial electrical components are all examples of loads that are relatively easy to build out of LEGO. Other possibilities include small trucks, tractors, and generators. You can use LEGO ‘chain’ to tie them down.
  • Maintenance of way (MOW) or work trains add some extra element. They could just be parked on the side or can have workers actually adding or repairing tracks.
  • There are already LEGO freight cars carrying logs. Consider a flatcar with pipes or lumber.
  • Take an open hopper, fill much of it with crumbled newspapers, and then cover the paper with round or square 1×1 black plates. A load of coal!
  • One could take a LEGO DUPLO block (or a piece of wood) cover it with a ‘tarp,’ and attach it to a flatcar as a load.
  • Freight cars should be serving specific industries, with relevant cars parked on sidings alongside the industry.
  • Consider sending an old-fashioned handcar out on your tracks, or parked by a siding.
  • A separate trolley on its own tracks adds interest. (You can add one that goes back and forth across the front of your layout.)

CONCLUSIONS

While there are certainly differences between model railroads and LEGO train layouts, AFOLs (Adult-Fans-of-LEGO) should try to take advantage of whatever they can learn from those who work on their railroads. Modelers often take the position that their railroads are never done. Maybe that’s a view that AFOLs should take as well.

Finally, the ultimate lesson from model railroad builders is that there’s always room to grow. Just as you buy more LEGO sets and more pieces, you should always be reading, looking at videos, visiting LEGO displays – and most importantly, just have fun.

I hope both the first and second part of this article gave you helpful pointers when working on your own LEGO city layout. What do you think? Do you use any of the suggestions mentioned above already? Are there any challenges you face with your own LEGO layouts? As always, I’d love to read what you have to say about the topic, so feel free to share and discuss in the comment section below!

And you might also like to check out my previous posts:

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Brick Breakdown: LEGO Ghost Train Express

by on October 23, 2019
in Other LEGO Sets & Themes

(Written by William)

Riding the high from the #70425 LEGO Hidden Side Newbury Haunted High School set we reviewed last week (Brick Breakdown: LEGO Haunted High School), I was eager to build the #70424 LEGO Hidden Side Ghost Train Express. As I mentioned in the previous review, I don’t have a compatible device for the LEGO Hidden Side app, but I firmly believe the sets are good enough on their own without the added digital play. And this is mostly true for the LEGO Hidden Side Ghost Train Express as well. I must admit that once I got past building the engine, the rest of the train felt a bit lackluster. Also, there is not a whole lot of track to play with. So, LEGO train fans might be disappointed. But still, the engine really sells this set for me, and the play features of the station and the cars are also decent.

As far as the engine, the set designers not only modeled the engine off of a less common train, but they managed to hide some very awesome play features. Opening the train’s mouth and flipping out the wings will more than likely occupy much of your playtime. I know it did for me. In fact, I like the feature so much that we will be focusing on that single building technique today. First, you can watch the video-review below where I share a bit more about the set overall, then, prepare to be toggled when we discuss the techniques further below.

TOGGLE STATES WITH LEGO

Most of the action elements in this set can be attributed to some form of toggling. The nice thing is that this is done on multiple levels and with a variety of complexities, so the set makes a great example for this technique.

For starters, we need to begin at the simplest form of toggling which is between states. Truth be told, you can have multiple states to toggle between, however in the case of most LEGO creations, you typically only toggle between two states. This is best represented by the station’s sign. One state is the sign itself. The other state is the monstrous face that appears. Each of these versions appear when the mechanism is moved to one of its locked positions. Or in other words, this is a position where it can naturally sit and stay.

Finding positions in which a model can lock in place is extremely useful when determining your own toggled states. This is also a good point in determining how a model should move. Moving from one state to the next should involve a clever twist, slide, push, or pull, to change the state. If you stop here, you could consider your work done. This covers the most important part of toggling, but since we’re here, let’s move on to toggle switches.

TOGGLE SWITCHES WITH LEGO

Just like states, switches are equally simple to understand. The whole point of a switch is that it allows you to move something other than the states of the model that are changing. A great example of this is the lamp and clock on the station. With a small twist, the claws on the edge of the roof appear. Technically the clock and lamp have nothing to do with the claws from a story point of view. They are merely convenient extensions to activate the given feature.

And, at its most basic level, that’s what a toggle switch is. You just need to figure out how to extend contact with the thing you want to toggle and how it should look. In this case, LEGO designers went with a rather decorative switch look. Keep in mind that might not always be necessary to do. In fact, the train engine has two toggle switches. One is a thin lift-arm while the other actually looks like a switch. Again, if you stop here you’d probably have a pretty sweet creation already, but toggle switches can do so much more.

TOGGLING SECONDARY EFFECTS WITH LEGO

Here’s where things get tricky. You know what you want your states to be and you created a switch to activate that change, but now you can really play with how it all should look like when it works. This level of nuance is what can turn a good toggled mechanism into a great one.

Often a good start for creating secondary effects is to make the action look like something familiar in nature. This gives the creation an organic feel, which tends to resonate more with people. For an example of the opposite of what I mean, just look at the sign and claws. The way they appear is more sudden which gives them a stilted impression. On the other hand, the train engine bares its teeth by opening like a mouth. Additionally, its wings spread themselves out from the body. Both look extremely natural even though they are on a train and not an animal.

Essentially all you are doing is defining how the action should behave. The hard part is not to over-design your mechanism. Let’s start by examining the mouth. The idea is that it opens up to reveal the teeth. So the way it’s done is by having a hinge with a bit of space near the trigger. Then you just put something in the way of the mouth so it forces it to tilt upwards. And that’s it, you have now added an effect to your toggled state.

The wings are a little more involved. In addition to the switch, the wings themselves will need to hinge outward. So this is built separate from the switch. Once this is done, the question becomes, what is the best way to connect the switch while absorbing rotating motions and splitting the effect? After all, you have two wings and they each need to be controlled a little differently from one another. Turns out using a basic LEGO Technic link with ball-joints can do this quite easily. In fact, the whole design purpose of most LEGO Technic elements is to help solve problems just like these. Unlike knowing how to utilize space as we did in the mouth example, this type of solution is more for those willing to get familiar with the various LEGO Technic parts available.

To keep it simple for those primarily into building with regular LEGO pieces, I recommend trying to just focus on one or two new LEGO Technic pieces at a time. The LEGO Technic link here is a great part, especially now that we are seeing smaller ball-joint elements appearing in standard LEGO sets. (Their use in the #76114 LEGO Spider Man’s Spider Crawler is a personal favorite of mine and well worth checking out.)

APPLYING WHAT YOU LEARN

From what I can tell, over the years LEGO building has really evolved. Just compared to sets a couple of decades back, you can really see that both the techniques and parts in official LEGO sets made it easier to add detailing to LEGO models. Now I believe we are slowly moving into an age where we need to become more functionally adept in our creations to stand out amongst our peers.

Take, for instance, the #21315 LEGO Ideas Pop-Up Book. The set is a marvel of LEGO building and available at a fairly affordable price. It really puts working models into mainstream popularity in a way that we can’t ignore. So by building on basic mechanism types like a toggling switch, while we are still figuring out all it can do, we are also learning to build better designs in the future. It’s seldom the case where our latest creations is not better in some way than those we’ve built before. Learning from official LEGO sets, and experimenting with the techniques we learn, will continue to make us better builders. If you are interested, you can check out the whole LEGO Hidden Side collection at the LEGO Hidden Side section of the Online LEGO Shop.

What do you think? How do you like the LEGO Hidden Side sets? Do you have any of them already? And what do you think of the ghost train and its transformational features? Feel free to share your thoughts and discuss in the comment section below!

And you might also like to check out the following related posts:

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